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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medicines are a great option to manage anxiety symptoms. Psychiatrists have extensive training in the use of medications and are able to write the right prescriptions to minimize side effects. The typical treatment for anxiety disorders is three-pronged, and includes psychotherapy, exercise and medication. SSRIs are the first-choice medications to treat anxiety, however they can take several weeks for them to work. SSRIs Most anxiety disorders are treated with SSRIs. disorders anxiety are less likely to cause adverse effects than tricyclics older than tricyclics as well as monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antidepressants. Several SSRIs are FDA-approved to treat generalized anxiety disorder. These include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paroxetine (aka Paxil) sertraline (aka Zoloft), and citalopram (aka Celexa). These drugs boost serotonin levels in the brain. They may also aid in the increase of norepinephrine and BDNF. They can be employed in combination with psychotherapy or on their own. SSRIs can cause nausea or digestive issues, however these side effects usually subside as the body becomes accustomed to the medication. The exact mechanism by which SSRIs help with anxiety is not fully understood. However it is believed they inhibit the reuptake of serotonin by the post-synaptic nerve and increase the amount of serotonin in the synaptic gap. This enhances the signaling across the synapses, which in turn reduces anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can help reduce anxiety and the severity of panic attacks. They also can help with depression and other mental health disorders that often co-occur with anxiety disorders. They can be used with psychotherapy or cognitive behavior therapy to increase their effectiveness. SSRIs aren't addictive unlike other antidepressants. However, it is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions precisely. If you discontinue your medication suddenly it could trigger “discontinuation syndrome” and a recurrence of anxiety symptoms. If SSRIs aren't suitable for you, your doctor might consider a different type of antidepressants, like mirtazapine or nefazodone. These drugs may be effective, but they have a greater chance of causing adverse reactions than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain foods, such as dairy products and red meat, eggs and some fruits and veggies. If you are taking these medicines it is a good idea to stay clear of these foods. It is also advised to avoid alcohol when taking SSRIs because it can cause some adverse effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines improve the calming effect of certain chemicals within the nervous system and brain. They increase the effects of the neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) which is a substance that suppresses nerve activity. These drugs are effective in treating insomnia, anxiety disorders and various psychological disorders. However, they can be addictive and should only be used for short periods of time under medical supervision. Benzos are dangerous if taken recreationally or mixed with other drugs like alcohol. If someone suffers from anxiety disorders, they often look to medication as the first option. However, this is not the only option. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has also been proven to reduce the symptoms of anxiety disorder . There are many different psychotherapies, but cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is the most popular and effective. This type of therapy teaches you to change your thoughts and behavior so that you feel less anxious. The most commonly used benzodiazepines are alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium) diazepam (Valium), clorazepate (Tranxene) as well as the lorazepam (Ativan) and quazepam (Dalmane). Each of them has a distinct set of adverse effects, however, they all share similar pharmacological properties. For example, clorazepate is more effective for treating seizures than other benzodiazepines. Likewise, lorazepam is better for anxiety disorders than quazepam. While benzodiazepines are efficient, they aren't recommended for long-term use as they can cause physical dependence and tolerance. In addition, they may cause withdrawal symptoms in the event that you stop taking them abruptly like a pounding heart, sweating and shaking. The symptoms can be uncomfortable and last for a long time. However they can be reduced when you reduce the medication slowly. Benzodiazepines can be very addictive and should be taken only for a short duration – typically not more than 4 weeks. You should be monitoring your heart rate, blood pressure and breathing throughout this time to ensure you don't suffer an extreme reaction. If you're thinking about getting a prescription for benzodiazepine, speak with your doctor about your past history of abuse. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a kind of medication that helps to treat anxiety-related symptoms. They block adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system. This is a way to stop the hormone from creating physical reactions, such as heart palpitations or tremors. These medications are typically used to treat high blood pressure and other conditions of the cardiovascular system however, they can also be prescribed for non-pharmacological use in cases of anxiety. When you are anxious your body produces a chemical called adrenaline that signals the body to prepare for fight or flight. Adrenaline is a binder to beta receptors in the heart and brain and causes your heart rate to increase and may cause other physical reactions. Beta-blockers, which are a class of medications that treat hypertension and other heart ailments they work by preventing the action of adrenaline on its binding which can help reduce your heart rate and blood pressure. Beta-blockers are quick to work, unlike SSRIs or benzodiazepines which can require weeks or even months to show a difference in symptoms. They are a great option for those who need immediate relief from anxiety-related symptoms. For instance, those who have to give an address in public or travel in a plane. They are also a good option for people with anxiety and chronic heart issues, such as atherosclerosis or congestive cardiac failure. Beta-blockers can help reduce physical symptoms of anxiety but they don't address the underlying causes. As a result, they are usually prescribed as a part of a larger treatment program that includes counseling and lifestyle changes. However, they can be an effective option for those who have tried other medications for anxiety and do not find them to be effective or to cause unacceptable side effects. There are many different kinds of beta-blockers, such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will decide which beta-blocker is best for you, based on your medical background and current health condition. These medications can trigger side effects, such as fatigue or low blood pressure and fatigue, so it is crucial to discuss your treatment options with your doctor. MAOIs In the 1950s, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants for a variety of anxiety and depression. They are not as commonly utilized as SSRIs or other antidepressants due the strict dietary restrictions needed as well as the risk of interactions with other drugs. Some MAOIs are taken by mouth in tablet form, while others (such as Emsam) are available in the form of a transdermal patch applied to the skin every day. MAOIs inhibit the action of MAO which increases the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine that is found in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a role in sleep, mood, and appetite as also in sexual function. MAOIs can reduce anxiety. However they are more likely to cause adverse effects than TCAs and SSRIs and are accompanied by warnings in boxes for suicide. In addition to the MAOIs listed below your doctor may prescribe other treatments or medications to aid in managing your symptoms. Beta-blockers, such as propranolol, is often prescribed to reduce physical symptoms associated with anxiety. Your doctor might also suggest a relaxation method or other treatments at home to ease your symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 while conducting research on tuberculosis. It was quickly discovered to be a mood-enhancing drug and is considered the original antidepressant drug. Typically, MAOIs can only be used when other antidepressants don't perform, as they could cause serious adverse reactions that require immediate medical attention. If you take an MAOI and consume foods that contain tyramine, a substance in a variety of cheeses, red meats, fish, shellfish, and certain dietary supplements, it can cause an unintentional reaction that results in high blood pressure. The symptoms of this serious reaction include a throbbing headache, nausea vomiting, as well as a fast heart rate. MAOIs can also interact with other medications and can result in severe side effects such as suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Your doctor will discuss your diet requirements with you prior to prescribing MAOIs. They will instruct you to avoid eating any food items that contain tyramine when you are taking the drug. They will also give a list of foods that are safe to eat when taking MAOIs. This food guide can help avoid MAOI-related symptoms.